First, my two cents on how Street- and Prime-level character gen affects this discussion.
I can't understand how someone could play a street-level game. While the concept is appealing to me, because I like the gang-land, more gritty and less moral style of what a street-level game implies, since the only thing that changes is money, that automatically puts awakened characters at a massive advantage. Even with things like foci and reagents and lodges to spend money on, an awakened character (especially your stereotypical Physical Adept) will always be more comfortable without nuyen than any mundane character who cannot rely on their skills alone.
Not really germaine to the conversation, but I'll address it. Street level also reduces your Karma given at the beginning of the campaign for qualities, as well as puts a Restriction level on items. Less Qualities, lower grade ware, less money. All in all, its a lower powered game. Exceedingly fun for me.
While I will concede that Awakened Characters are more comfortable without Nuyen, if the GM isn't awarding a fair amount of financial reward he's not running the game properly. Shadowrunners do this for a living, if they could make more doing a corp job, they would. High Risk, High Reward is the mantra.
Similarly, the jump to Prime Runner is the same way. All you're doing it giving everyone more money, so if you designed it to be balanced for Augmented V. Awakened, then Prime Runner would unbalance it. The creators had to know nuyen is a direct factor of a character's abilities, that's why it's a Priority you need to balance against other actual aspects of your character. If it didn't matter, everyone would just start with the same flat amount and be comfortable.
You're giving them more Karma, less gear restrictions, and twice as many contacts.
Another issue I personally have with giving the characters more starting wealth would be that, as mundanes and the like are essentially powered by money and moreso, have a cap (as devices and augmentations only go so high). And it's true that, as with that example with the TM, they'll generally progress quicker compared directly to things they have as reflections (the Samurai and the Physical Adept, the Decker and the TM).
I completely disagree with this "quicker progression" theory. Nobody has contested my math in my first post, so I have to assume that everyone agrees with it. It takes a Technomancer 3.3 years to turn themselves into a better Deck than what the Decker will have from finances in a year. Also in that year, the Decker will improve his skills and attributes.
Mainly though, I think it's a bad choice in general to take a character with a different progression and just try to build them the same way. Ideally they should be going for different things. In SR4 Technomancers were specialized and focused, and gained a few completely unique powers through Submersion, while the Hacker had all the programs within reach of him and the ability to contribute much, much more easily to physical combat. In 5th, TMs are sorely lacking in material until Data Trails is released, so they aren't really good to compare directly to Deckers. Even if you think they're good now, Data Trails will still undoubtedly change what a TM is capable of. Also, they can often use their money to buy things like drones and upgrade the shit out of them, so they still have a place to use money to improve themselves.
Absolutely. Technomancers are not Deckers, and if you try to build them the same, you screw yourself over. They can buy drones and vehicles, but they have to have the proper Echoes to use them like a Rigger does, and that is also bending them outside of what they're really supposed to do.
I have not played a long-term game. In fact most of the games I play are, sadly, one-offs and don't go anywhere. As such I haven't experienced real character progression. But I felt worried that, whenever I make an Adept (and had players express this as well) that the only thing worth spending Karma on is MAG and Initiation to actually be able to get more abilities, because that is there "main upgrade" like a Street Samurai getting better implants. If the Adept is capable of spending his nuyen on his "secondary upgrades" like how the Samurai spends his Karma on skills and occasionally an Attribute, then it's not so bad. Though aside from buying a bitchin' gun and some armor that makes you look like helghast, it's mostly foci to buy, and they still cost Karma.
I would argue that a PhysAd would do well to increase his Attributes like Body, Agility, Reaction, and Strength, as well as his Weapon Skill to their max as well. More powers are nice, but I'd rather be reliable at everything than focused solely on Magic and Powerz.
That's what my issue is. Do both archetypes have ways to spend both and also just one to improve themselves?
Not entirely. This is why I call them Powered by Nuyen and Powered by Karma. Awakened Characters get everything from one resource, forcing them to spread it thin to become better. This naturally slows down their progression.
Powered by Nuyen are really hybrids, as Karma goes towards Attributes and Skills while Nuyen goes towards 'ware and tech. Because they get two resources that improve them, they get a quicker progression.
So, while Awakened Characters have their power font early, their slow progression is a balancing factor against the quicker progression of the mundane.
And most of that money for the Decker has to be divided among advancement, replenishing consumable supplies, keeping lifestyle up and any number of other things. Not to mention that since that Technomancer doesn't need as much money himself, he can probably use that Cash-for-Karma that's been added to the Missions to speed himself up drastically.
Yes, it does. But, as I mentioned, he can purchase the Deck much quicker than the Technomancer can replicate its effects at the same time as upgrading his own natural ability.
Cash-for-Karma is essentially a "House Rule" for Missions and is not present in the core of the game. I don't expect to see a lot of GMs using it for their home group.
Or is it like "I gave a bunch of money to charity, and the next day I woke up feeling like I could just go out and just learn the shit out of something, you know?!"
That's essentially it. It was a rule in 3rd Edition, I believe. Karma was, well karma. You put out good things in the Universe and you get good things in return. Its why you get more Karma for AngelOps.