I don't know my Earthdawn rules that well, but wikipedia talks about swapping spells into and out of matrices on the fly, which seems like a plausible very-high-mana-level thing to be doing.
Swapping what spell is in a spell matrix in ED is changing what spells you have ready to go on a moment's notice, rather than what spells you know. (As I understand it. I'm playing a Swordmaster, not a spellcaster.)
A spell matrix from ED is basically the Filtering metamagic from SR: it filters the tainted mana so you can use it safely. (The astral is extremely polluted in ED, because the Horrors passed through recently. Think
massive background count, worldwide.) Casting raw magic like SR spellcasters do in Earthdawn would be fatal in short order: aside from the dangers of the corrupted astral, it also draws every Horror in the vicinity like blood in the water. (Except that sharks only eat your body, not your soul.)
Learning a new spell in ED generally involved either somebody letting you copy the spell formula from their Grimoire into theirs, or letting you analyze the spell astrally as they cast it and then reverse engineer the formula and write it into your Grimoire. Either way, it was not a quick process, and you had to pay Legend Points (the ED equivalent of experience points) as well.
Similarly, in SR you either need to buy the spell formula or be taught the spell by some other means, and you need to pay Karma. You can create new spells (rules are in Street Magic), but it's like designing a new piece of equipment or software: lots of planning and hard work is required to draw up the formula. Learning a new spell is just not an on-the-fly thing in most circumstances.