I am thoroughly amused by this thread.
The fluff is the fluff. It also has a lot of (purposefully) ambiguous text. Can. Sometimes. Oh, and people's anecdotal experiences. I know some folks feel that the fluff demonstrable illustrates their case, but I just don't see it.
"WELP, Ol' Cletus and me was loadin up the van and then I swear, I got this feeling of dread an' I turnt around and it was a big ol' sludge monster!"
Maybe he did have a moment of sixth sense. Or maybe he's embellishing his tale. I know people who tell me of the dread they were feeling just prior to something happening... were they detecting magic or do I not believe in their ESP?
Regardless, that's all fluff. Then there are a few hard rules. Those have been discussed ad nauseam in this thread. I think the key question is 'sustained spells'.
For my table, the answer is 'No, you do not get to roll to detect an ongoing sustained spell.
By my reading, the RAW is not entirely clear and wavers between whether you notice magic because you see the mundane aspects of its creation (seeing the mage casting or the spotting the literal markings used to anchor a spell) or because of spooky 6th sense stuff.
So, then I have to look at it contextually and determine, overall: What's the intent?
Previous editions are fairly clear. Is there anything to indicate to me that there is an intended change from previous editions? Most changes relate to actual setting changes, such as the advent of the wireless world, or with metagame changes (things that alter how something works mechanically but not thematically, that is, it doesn't actually change the setting).
So with the Matrix rebuild, there was an in setting change (Crash 2.0) and a subsequent change in how the Matrix was accessed.
But in 2074 (end of 4th Ed.) and 2075 (beginning of 5th Ed.), there is nothing to indicate something changed with how magic works that suddenly being able to notice sustained spells is a thing, when they weren't able to do it before.
Of course, there are exceptions, like Vampires and Cyberware, but that's a rebalancing issue that is frankly unnecessary in this case.
The next clue that the intent is to leave sustained spells out of the equation is the breadth of particulars I'd have to extrapolate from this very limited bit of fluff followed by 3 short and specific rules.
Senko's list, and other questions, illustrate this beautifully.
I'll also note that it's somewhat ironic to express a need to proceed with RAW because that's, like, how it's written, man!, but then default to all sorts of questionable resolutions for the plethora of 'what abouts' that follow on the heels of adhering to the letter of that law.
If there is that much that is unclear about how to proceed if the writers intended a change, then perhaps it makes more sense that they didn't intend to change it, thus freeing up all of the time I might have spent wondering why Joe Average gets to perceive my Detect Enemies (Extended) or what that even means to anyone. Is my Mindnet spreading rainbow vibes throughout the entire possible range of the spell or will you only get unicorn bumps if you pass directly between the invisible phone line connecting my friend's brain to mine?
For that matter, without a mana barrier, I would assume that in most places, magical noise might even render the whole issue moot. So what if 'they' sense that magic is afoot. Of course they sense that magic is afoot. Magic is always afoot. Everywhere. All the time. Afoot. Why am I dealing with this mechanically on an individual, by spell basis?
For all of those reasons, no. No, the NPC's don't get a chance to notice that they have 'come into contact' with a sustained spell.
That's my gaming table and right now, I run a pretty big gaming table.
For the record... regarding the detection of sustained spells rendering illusion and invisibility useless... I think both sides of the debate were over/underestimating the impact, respective to tour position on the issue. It wouldn't be a showstopper, nor is it an insignificant consideration.