This is my take. More. . ."adversarial" GMs or GMs with a "I have to challenge my players no matter what" mentality will probably rarely or never allow buying hits in any situation that could result in damage to your character or a critical flub.
I personally will allows allow players to buy hits, without exception, and I even encourage it. My only rule is you must choose to roll or buy hits before knowing the result of your opposition. I do this because 95% of my play is Missions, buying hits saves the table time, and if you can succeed with only the 25% success ratio of your dice pool then chances are good you will succeed with the 33% rolled.
I've only played Missions in Ohio, but I have played in Columbus, Cincinnati, and Dayton. Here, a player saying they will buy hits is rarely overruled.
Towards the end of Phain's Chicago career, I did have one GM who refused to let me buy hits for drain tests. At that time I was rolling 44 dice, and finally after my 12th buff cast on the party just during our prep the guy finally relented. I told him that watching all of these rolls like a hawk for the 6-9 points of drain I was resisting on that many dice would be a lot more tedious for him that it is for me, and I was right.