It was originally Japan, but then the Z-OG Bank took over as the central bank for the nuyen. It's been discussed in all of the corporation books.
As far as I remember, the fact that the nuyen is the Japanese currency wasn't specified until
Shadows of Asia (which also happen to be only the second book, after
Year of the Comet, to cover Japan at all). It does state "The Yamato Act also officially changed our national currency to the nuyen, deepening the country’s economic dependence on its largest corporations." The latter part suggests the nuyen was, from the start, and possibly before its adoption by the Japanese government through the Yamato Act of 2012, a corporate currency (albeit obviously not issued by the Corporate Court or the Zurich-Orbital Gemeinshaft Bank, as none of them existed at that point).