As for th giant plasma trail ... I'll point out that the Navy is using
railguns, not
coilguns.
In a railgun, the projectile is in quite firm contact with two electrically charged rails (and the charge crosses from one to the other,
through the projectile). Between the friction of moving along those rails, and the heating of passing a large charge across the projectile .... well, the "muzzle flash" we see, is probably from part of the projectile actually vaporising while being fired, and
not a direct atmospheric interaction.
The Thunderstruck, meanwhile, is described as a "gauss" weapon, strongly implying it is in fact a
coilgun.
Coilguns do not have any greater contact between the projectile and the barrel than ordinary firearms do - and potentially, quite a deal LESS, all the way up to
zero contact.
Additionally, it is entirely possible that the Navy's prototype is using an evacuated barrel (that is, one in which a vacuum exists), sealed by a
plasma window ... and the plasma trail we see, is the result of a highly-magnetically-charged projectile disrupting the window's containment field, while simultaneously pulling a great deal of that plasma along with it. IOW, they may be "shooting through a wall of dense fire".