Runner's Companion, page 110 regarding Metagenetic Qualities: "Only characters that have bought a metavariant metatype (pp. 70–72) or the changeling quality (p. 73) may choose qualities from this section."
So in answer to your first and second questions, no they cannot take the SURGE qualities because they automatically have access to the metagenetic qualities. As with all qualities, unless you can take one multiple times you cannot take a metagenetic quality again (no minotaurs with added Metagenetic Improvement-Body for a 7 to 12 range). And no, the "racial SURGE qualities" do not count against the SURGE BP limit.